Readings & Web Resources for Faceted Classification

The term "facet" has been used in various places, while in most cases it is just a buzz word to replace what is indeed "aspect" or "category". The references below either define and explain the original concept of facet or provide guidelines for building 'real' faceted search/browse.

I was interested in faceted classification because it seems to be a natural and efficient way for organizing and browsing Web collections. However, to automatically generate facets and their isolates is extremely difficult since it involves concept extraction and concept grouping, both of which are difficult problems by themselves. And it is almost impossible to achieve mutually exclusive and jointly exhaustive 'true' facets without human judgment.

Nowadays, faceted search/browse widely exists, implicitly or explicitly, on a majority of retail websites due to the multi-aspects nature of the data. However, it is still rarely seen on any digital library sites. (I could be wrong since I haven't kept myself updated with this field for a while.)

• Allen, R. B. (1995). Retrieval from Facet Spaces. Electronic Publishing, 8(2/3), 247-258.

• Anick, P., & Tipirneni, S. (1999). Interactive Document Retrieval using Faceted Terminological Feedback. Paper presented at the Thirty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

• Bast, H., & Weber, I. (2006). When You're Lost for Words: Faceted Search with Autocompletion. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Broughton, V. (2002). Faceted Classification As A Basis For Knowledge Organization In A Digital Environment: The Bliss Bibliographic Classification As A Model For Vocabulary Management And The Creation Of Multidimensional Knowledge Structures. The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia, 7(1), 67-102.

• Broughton, V. (2006). The Need for a Faceted Classification as the Basis of All Methods of Information Retrieval. Aslib Proceedings, 58(1/2), 49-72.

• Broughton, V., & Lane, H. (2000). Classification Schemes Revisited: Applications to Web Indexing and Searching. Journal of Internet Cataloging, 2(3-4), 143-155.

• Crowston, K., & Kwasnik, B. H. (2004). A Framework for Creating a Facetted Classification for Genres: Addressing Issues of Multidimensionality. Paper presented at the the 37th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

• Dakka, W., Dayal, R., & Ipeirotis, P. G. (2006). Automatic Discovery of Useful Facet Terms. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Dakka, W., Ipeirotis, P. G., & Wood, K. R. (2005). Automatic Construction of Multifaceted Browsing Interfaces. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Information and knowledge management, Bremen, Germany.

• Damiani, E., Fugini, M. G., & Bellettini, C. (1999). A Hierarchy-Aware Approach to Faceted Classification of Objected-Oriented Components. ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM), 8(3), 215 - 262.

• Denton, W. (2003). How to Make a Faceted Classification and Put It On the Web. Student Essay. Toronto, Canada.

• Diederich, J., Thaden, U., & Balke, W. (2006). The Semantic GrowBag Demonstrator for Automatically Deriving Topic Facets. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• English, J., Hearst, M. A., Sinha, R., Swearingen, K., & Yee, P. (2002). Hierarchical Faceted Metadata in Site Search Interfaces. Paper presented at the CHI 2002 Conference Companion.

• Foskett, A. G. (2000). The Future of Faceted Classification. In R. Marcella & A. Maltby (Eds.), The Future of Classification. Aldershot, Hampshire, England Gower.
• Gnoli, C., & Mei, H. (2006). Freely Faceted Classification for Web-based Information Retrieval. New Review in Hypermedia and Multimedia, 12(1), 63-81.

• Godert, W. (1991). Facet Classification in Online Retrieval. International classification, 18(2), 98-109.
• Hearst, M. A. (2006). Clustering Versus Faceted Categories for Information Exploration. Communications of the ACM, 49(4), 59-61.

• Hearst, M. A. (2006). Design Recommendations for Hierarchical Faceted Search Interfaces. Paper presented at the ACM SIGIR Workshop on Faceted Search.

• Hearst, M. A., Elliott, A., English, J., Sinha, R., Swearingen, K., & Yee, K.-P. (2002). Finding the Flow in Web Site Search. Communications of the ACM, 45(9), 42-49.

• Hearst, M. A., Smalley, P., & Chandler, C. (2006). Faceted Metadata for Information Architecture and Search. Paper presented at the CHI2006, Montreal, Canada.

• Henderson , S. (2005). Genre, Task, Topic and Time: Facets of Personal Digital Document Management. Paper presented at the 6th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: making CHI natural, Auckland, New Zealand.

• Hunt, k. (2006). Faceted Browsing: Breaking the Tyranny of Keyword Searching. Feliciter, 52(1), 36-37.

• Hunter, E. J. (2002). Classification Made Simple (2nd ed.): Ashgate Publishing.

• Jie, H., & Zhang, Y. (2006). Personalized Faceted Query Expansion. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Karlson, A. K., Robertson, G., Robbins, D. C., Czerwinski, M., & Smith, G. (2006). FaThumb: A Facet-based Interface for Mobile Search. Paper presented at the CHI 2006, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

• Kent, R. E. (1998). Organizing Conceptual Knowledge Online: Metadata Interoperability and Faceted Classification. Advances in Knowledge Organization, 6, 388-395.
• Knabe, F., & Tunkelang, D. (2007). Enterprise Information Access and the User Experience. IT Professional, 9(1), 21-28.

• Kohlschütter, C., PaulAlexandru, & Nejdl, C. a. W. (2006). Using Link Analysis to Identify Aspects in Faceted Web Search. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Kwasnik, B. H. (1999). The Role of Classification in Knowledge Representation and Discovery. Library Trends, 48(1), 22-47.

• Louie, A., Maddox, E., & Washington, W. (2003). Using Faceted Classification To Provide Structure For Information Architecture Paper presented at the ASIS&T 2003 Information Architecture Summit Portland, Oregon.

• Adiuri Systems Ltd. (2005). Faceted Classification and Adaptive Concept Matching.

• Mahoui, M., Miled, Z. B., Godse, A., Kulkarni, H., & Li, N. (2006). BioFacets: Faceted Classification for Biological Information. Paper presented at the 18th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management (SSDBM'06).

• Maple, A. (1995). Faceted Access: A Review of the Literature.

• Mills, J. (2004). Faceted Classification and Logical Division in Information Retrieval. Library Trends, 52(3), 541-570.

• Papa, S. (2006). The Faceted Navigation and Search Revolution. KM World, 15(4), 6-7.

• Perkio, J., Tuulos, V., Buntine, W., & Tirri, H. (2005). Multi-Faceted Information Retrieval System for Large Scale Email Archives Paper presented at the 2005 IEEE/WIC/ACM International Conference on Web Intelligence.

• Pollitt, A. S. (1997). Interactive Information Retrieval Based on Faceted Classification Using views. Paper presented at the Knowledge organization for information retrieval: proceedings of the 6th International Study Conference on Classification, London.

• Pollitt, A. S. (1998). The Key Role of Classification and Indexing in View-based Searching: University of Huddersfield, UK.

• Pollitt, A. S., SMITH, M. P., & BRAEKEVELT, P. (1996). View-based Searching Systems: A New Paradigm for Information Retrieval Based on Faceted Classification and Indexing Using Mutually Constraining Knowledge-based Views. The proceedings of the joint workshop of the information retrieval and human computer interaction specialist groups of the British Computer Society GIST Technical Report G96-2.

• Pollitt, A. S., TINKER, A., & BRAEKEVELT, P. (1998). Improving Access to Online Information Using Dynamic Faceted Classification. Paper presented at the Online Information 98: proceedings of 22nd International Online Information Meeting, London.

• Prieto-Díaz, R. (1991). Implementing Faceted Classification for Software Reuse. Communications of the ACM, 34(5), 88-97.

• Priss, U. (1998). A Graphical Interface for Conceptually Navigating Faceted Thesauri. Paper presented at the Structures and relations in knowledge organization: proceedings of the Fifth International ISKO Conference, Lille, France.

• Priss, U., & Jacob, E. (1999). Utilizing Faceted Structures for Information Systems Design. Paper presented at the 62st Annual Meeting of ASIS, Washington DC.

• Reamy, T. (2006). Faceted Navigation: An Alternative to Search and Browse (power point presentation): KAPS Group, California.

• Sacco, G. M. (2006). Analysis and Validation of Information Access through Mono, Multidimensional and Dynamic Taxonomies. In Flexible Query Answering Systems (pp. 659-670).

• Sacco, G. M. (2006). Dynamic Taxonomies and Guided Searches. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 57(6), 792-796.

• Sacco, G. M. (2006). Some Research Results in Dynamic Taxonomy and Faceted Search Systems. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Slavic, A. (2006). Interface to Classification: Some Objectives and Options. The Extensions & Corrections to the UDC, 26.

• Spiteri, L. (1998). A Simplified Model for Facet Analysis. Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science, 23, 1-30.

• Star, S. L. (1998). Grounded Classification: Grounded Theory and Faceted Classification. Library Trends, 47(2), 218-232.

• Stoica, E., Hearst, M., & Richardson, M. (2007). Automating Creation of Hierarchical Faceted Metadata Structures. Paper presented at the Human Language Technologies: The Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics, Rochester, NY.

• Stuart-Moore, J., Evans, M., & Jacobs, P. (2006). Interface Design for Browsing Faceted Metadata. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 6th ACM/IEEE-CS joint conference on Digital libraries, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

• Tudhope, D., Binding, C., Blocks, D., & Cunliffe, D. (2002). Representation and Retrieval in Faceted Systems. Advances in Knowledge Organization, 8, 191-197.

• Tunkelang, D. (2006). Dynamic Category Sets: An Approach for Faceted Search. Paper presented at the SIGIR ’06 Workshop on Faceted Search Conference, Seattle, WA, USA.

• Tzitzikas, Y., Analyti, A., Spyratos, N., & Constantopoulos, P. (2003). An Algebra for Specifying Compound Terms for Faceted Taxonomies. Paper presented at the 13th European-Japanese Conference on Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases, Kitakyushu, Japan.

• Tzitzikas, Y., Spyratos, N., Constantopoulos, P., & Analyti, A. (2002). Extended Faceted Taxonomies for Web Catalogs. Paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering.

• Vickery, B. C. (1960). Faceted Classification: A Guide to Construction and Use of Special Schemes. London: Aslib.

• Yee, K.-P., Swearingen, K., Li, K., & Hearst, M. A. (2003). Faceted Metadata for Image Search and Browsing. Paper presented at the Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, USA.

• Zachos, K., Maiden, N., Zhu, X., & Jones, S. (2006). Does Service Discovery Enhance Requirements Specification? A Preliminary Empirical Investigation. Paper presented at the Service-Oriented Computing: Consequences for Engineering Requirements (SOCCER'06 - RE'06 Workshop), Minneapolis, MN, USA.

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Some online readings

• Was Ranganathan a Yahoo!? by Aimee Glassel, Internet Cataloger

• Ranganathan for IAs by Mike Steckel

• Using Faceted Classification to Assist Indexing by Fred Leise

• A Simplified Model for Facet Analysis by Dr. Louise Spiteri

• [ http://www.boxesandarrows.com/view/all_about_facets_controlled_vocabularies All About Facets & Controlled Vocabularies] online discussions

• Putting Facets on the Web: An Annotated Bibliography

• Use of Faceted Classification (Some simple explanations about FS with nice snapshots)

• [http://www.csa.com/e_products/databases-collections.php Facet

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Relevant conferences

• FIND’08: 2nd international workshop on Dynamic Taxonomies and Faceted Search

• SIGIR'2006 Faceted Search Workshop Program

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Faceted search/browsing prototypes/applications

• Faceted Search Prototype(L3S Research Center)

• CMS Faceted Product Directory (Good one!!! It allows you combine facets as well as set your own citation orders. It is confusing to understand how the results are generated though.)

• Keith Instone's pages on Faceted Browsing

• BSO(BROAD SYSTEM OF ORDERING)

• International Children's Digital Library(ICDL) (very colorful)

• Flamenco Demos

• epicurious (Not very easy to combine facets, but if you love cooking and you happen to come to this page, you may want to check it out. , Yeah, I know, what's the odds:p )

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